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How you can be sure? Brain is the most unexplored thing on earth (not sure about the "thing on earth" but i'm certanly sure that you have a bunch of unexplored stuff there), so thinking of "Cecil Adams" it's not 100% correct.
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Because medical scientists and doctors have crazy technology that can record the activity of the brain by producing images. Whatever parts are being used will be lit up different colors and whatnot. They can also test what percentage of the brain is damaged and/or dead by viewing the activity.
Sure, we don't know everything about the brain, but we know lots. The only live, physical exploration can be performed when people are injured and doctors start to play around and experiment a bit. I heart the Phinius Gage story.
Anyway, we know enough about the brain to tell what the lobes and what the inner brain do, so it's easy to make connections between the symptoms and what parts of the brain has the problem.