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MM, in the main quest you get an elder scroll and you have to read it at a certain point to know what the three warriors did to Alduin to learn how to defeat him. Other than that, I'm not sure.
After the main quest you can give the elder scroll to the librarian in Mage's Guild and he'll give you a bunch of skill books.
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Oh. There's one quest where reading the scroll blinds you (like it does in ES lore).
Seeing through space and time tends to have detrimental effects on your health.