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Object permenance doesn't develop in children until they're old enough to realize themselves in relation to the world. At the age of around four.
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It can't be that old. My 18 month-old niece knows I'm still around the house even if she can't see me. That's why she likes playing hide and seek.
I think perhaps you're talking about that thing that I can't remember the name of, in which children think that the nature of an object is defined by its appearance. Thus, they would think that a man in woman's clothing has become a woman or that a dog with a cat mask on has become a cat.