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MEASUREMENT OF POTENTIAL CONFOUNDERS AND OTHER EXPLANATORY FACTORS
It is feasible that early psychotic-like experiences could influence both subsequent cannabis use and psychosis-related outcomes at the 21-year follow-up. At the 14-year follow-up, 2 items from the Youth Self-Report were chosen for their face validity as psychotic-like experiences: “I hear sounds or voices that other people think aren’t there” and “I see things that other people think aren’t there.” Based on this same cohort, we previously reported that these items were associated with both an increased risk of nonaffective psychosis and high scores on the PDI at the 21-year follow-up. Subjects were dichotomized into those who responded “never” vs “sometimes” or “often.”
Parental mental illness is a potential confounding factor because this could influence both the risk of cannabis use and psychotic-related outcomes in the offspring. At the 5, 14, and 21-year follow-ups, mothers of the cohort members were asked to report on specific parental mental illnesses (maternal or paternal history of schizophrenia, alcohol abuse/dependence, and depression or anxiety disorders). Subjects were dichotomized into parental history of mental disorder present or absent.
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