America is kind of interesting in that testing in schools vairy from state to state. Overall, school breaks down for everyone like this:
Elementary school: Kindergarden-5th OR 6th grade (manditory)
Middle School: 6th OR 7th grade through 8th grade (manditory)
High School: 9th-12th grade (optional untill 16 years of age)
Any education after High School is optional
Every state makes their own rules about testing. Some states require exams to pass to the next grade or graduate from High School and some don't. The way this gets evened out is that everyone who is planning to go to College after High School must take either the SAT or the ACT, two standardized entrance exams.
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